Sampling and preparation of specimens for testing

• Laboratory wet desintegration

• Laboratory beating (Valley beater and PFI mill)

• Preparation of laboratory sheets for testing (Rapid Köthen with and without white water recirculation and conventional sheet former)

Determination of physical properties

• Drainability (Shopper Riegler)

• Water retention value

• Shive content (Sommerville Fractionator)

• Fibre length by classification (Bauer McNett)

• Flexibility (Cyberflex)

• Relative Bonded Area (Cyberflex)

• Surface area fibres and fines, hydration/swelling, compressibility (DAS Jar 400)